道格拉斯

道格拉斯(1898～1980年)

Douglas, William O(rville)

美国最高法院法官，以保卫个人自由闻名。在哥伦比亚大学法学院学习，毕业後加入华尔街的一家律师事务所，後在耶鲁大学任教（1927～1936）。1936年进入证券交易委员会。在任主席（1937～1939）期间，改善证券交易所，制定标准以保护小额的投资者，开始由政府来管理证券交易。1939年罗斯福总统提名他为最高法院大法官，後服务至1975年。他处理了许多复杂的金融方面的案件，但他最着名的是扞卫公民自由。他反对政府限制言论自由，并主张出版自由。道格拉斯也为确保嫌犯的宪法权利而奋斗。他一生着述甚多，尤其是保护、历史、政治和外交方面的着作；主要有《人和山》（1950）和《杂乱无章的人权法案》（1965）。

English version：

1898～1980年

Douglas, William O(rville)

U.S. jurist and public official. Born in Maine, Minn., he attended Columbia University Law School and joined a Wall Street law firm to learn the intricacies of financial and corporate law, and taught law (1927-36). He became a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1936. As SEC chairman (1937-39) he engineered the reorganization of the nation's stock exchanges, instituted measures for the protection of small investors, and began government regulation of the sale of securities. He was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt in 1939, and served until 1975. Though responsible for writing the opinions in many complicated financial cases, he became most famous for his pronouncements on civil liberties. He rejected government limitations on freedom of speech and was an outspoken defender of an unfettered press. He also strove to uphold the rights of the accused. He wrote numerous books on history, politics, foreign relations, and conservation, including Of Men and Mountains (1950) and A Wilderness Bill of Rights (1965).